Given a 2d grid map of ‘1’s (land) and ‘0’s (water), count the number of islands. An island is surrounded by water and is formed by connecting adjacent lands horizontally or vertically. You may assume all four edges of the grid are all surrounded by water.

You are given a data structure of employee information, which includes the employee’s unique id, his importance value and his direct subordinates’ id.

For example, employee 1 is the leader of employee 2, and employee 2 is the leader of employee 3. They have importance value 15, 10 and 5, respectively. Then employee 1 has a data structure like [1, 15, [2]], and employee 2 has [2, 10, [3]], and employee 3 has [3, 5, []]. Note that although employee 3 is also a subordinate of employee 1, the relationship is not direct.

Now given the employee information of a company, and an employee id, you need to return the total importance value of this employee and all his subordinates.

问题描述 　　

小明在玩一个电脑游戏，游戏在一个n×m的方格图上进行，小明控制的角色开始的时候站在第一行第一列，目标是前往第n行第m列。

We have a list of bus routes. Each routes[i] is a bus route that the i-th bus repeats forever. For example if routes[0] = [1, 5, 7], this means that the first bus (0-th indexed) travels in the sequence 1->5->7->1->5->7->1->… forever.

We start at bus stop S (initially not on a bus), and we want to go to bus stop T. Travelling by buses only, what is the least number of buses we must take to reach our destination? Return -1 if it is not possible.

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There are n cities connected by m flights. Each fight starts from city u and arrives at v with a price w.

Now given all the cities and flights, together with starting city src and the destination dst, your task is to find the cheapest price from src to dst with up to k stops. If there is no such route, output -1.

Example 1:
Input:

Given a non-empty array of unique positive integers A, consider the following graph:

There are A.length nodes, labelled A[0] to A[A.length - 1];
There is an edge between A[i] and A[j] if and only if A[i] and A[j] share a common factor greater than 1.
Return the size of the largest connected component in the graph.

You are asked to cut off trees in a forest for a golf event. The forest is represented as a non-negative 2D map, in this map:

0 represents the obstacle can’t be reached.
1 represents the ground can be walked through.
The place with number bigger than 1 represents a tree can be walked through, and this positive number represents the tree’s height.
You are asked to cut off all the trees in this forest in the order of tree’s height - always cut off the tree with lowest height first. And after cutting, the original place has the tree will become a grass (value 1).

问题描述
　　用 ASCII 字符来画图是一件有趣的事情，并形成了一门被称为 ASCII Art 的艺术。例如，下图是用 ASCII 字符画出来的 CSPRO 字样。

1
2
3
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5

..____.____..____..____...___..
　　./.___/.___||.._.\|.._.\./._.\.
　　|.|...\___.\|.|_).|.|_).|.|.|.|
　　|.|___.___).|..__/|.._.<|.|_|.|
　　.\____|____/|_|...|_|.\_\\___/.

According to the Wikipedia’s article: “The Game of Life, also known simply as Life, is a cellular automaton devised by the British mathematician John Horton Conway in 1970.”